In same pot over medium-low heat, add more oil. Add cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, bay leaf, garam masala, turmeric, cumin, black pepper, and cayenne. Cook, stirring constantly, until fragrant, about 30 seconds. Add potato and cauliflower and cook, stirring frequently and making sure spices don’t burn, until tender, 8 to 10 minutes. Add carrots, garlic, and ginger and cook, stirring frequently, until tender and fragrant, about 5 minutes. Add yogurt, lime juice, and mint and stir to combine; season with remaining 1 teaspoon salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, until some of the liquid is evaporated, 1 to 2 minutes more. Discard cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and bay leaf.